![]() ![]() Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are useful in evaluating empty sella syndrome and for identifying underlying disorders that may be the cause of high fluid pressure. In children, empty sella syndrome may be associated with early onset of puberty, growth hormone deficiency, pituitary tumors, or pituitary gland dysfunction. Individuals with secondary empty sella syndrome can sometimes have symptoms that reflect the loss of pituitary functions, such as the ceasing of menstrual periods, infertility, fatigue, and intolerance to stress and infection. Secondary empty sella syndrome is the result of the pituitary gland regressing within the cavity after an injury, surgery, or radiation therapy. In rare instances this high fluid pressure can be associated with drainage of spinal fluid through the nose. In some instances the pituitary gland may be smaller than usual this may be due to a condition called pseudotumor cerebri (which means “false brain tumor” brought on by high pressure within the skull). Primary empty sella syndrome is most common in adults and women, and is often associated with obesity and high blood pressure. Individuals with primary empty sella syndrome may have high levels of the hormone prolactin, which can interfere with the normal function of the testicles and ovaries. This causes the gland to flatten out along the interior walls of the sella turcica cavity. Primary empty sella syndrome happens when a small anatomical defect above the pituitary gland allows spinal fluid to partially or completely fill the sella turcica. People with secondary empty sella syndrome may have symptoms of decreased pituitary function such as absence of menstruation, infertility, fatigue, and intolerance to stress and infection. ![]() Secondary empty sella syndrome: secondary empty sella syndrome occurs when the pituitary gland is damaged due to injury, a tumor, surgery or radiation therapy 3.Primary empty sella syndrome: primary empty sella syndrome occurs when a structural defect above the pituitary gland increases pressure in the sella turcica and causes the gland to flatten. Most patients with primary empty sella syndrome are female and are affected by obesity, hypertension, headaches, and/or impaired vision 2.There are two types of empty sella syndrome: An individual with empty sella syndrome may have no symptoms or may have symptoms resulting from partial or complete loss of pituitary function (including headaches, low sex drive, and impotence). Empty sella syndrome occurs in up to 25 percent of the population. This causes the gland to shrink or flatten.Įmpty sella syndrome is often discovered during radiological imaging tests for pituitary disorders. With empty sella syndrome, CSF has leaked into the sella turcica, putting pressure on the pituitary gland. CSF is fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. ![]() It is often filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This makes the area of the pituitary gland look like an “empty sella.” But the sella is not actually empty. When the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, it cannot be seen on an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The pituitary sits in a saddle-like compartment in the skull called the sella turcica. It is attached to the bottom of the brain by the pituitary stalk. The pituitary gland is a small gland located just underneath the brain. Empty sella syndrome prognosis What is empty sella syndromeĮmpty sella syndrome is a condition in which the sella turcica (also called the pituitary fossa, a bony structure at the base of the brain that protects the pituitary gland) appears to be largely empty of pituitary tissues and filled by cerebrospinal fluid 1. ![]()
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